Hydrogen is likely to have a 鈥渟pecific but limited鈥� role in decarbonising sectors, for example where electrification is not possible, and as a means of storing energy, according to MPs.
A report from the House of Commons Science & Technology Committee, title The role of hydrogen in achieving net zero, concludes that hydrogen is not likely to be practically and economically viable for mass use in the short and medium term for heating homes or fuelling vehicles due to the cost, technological and infrastructure challenges associated 鈥� as well as the 鈥渦nassailable鈥� market lead held by alternatives such as electric cars.
The Commons Science & Technology Committee disagrees with the Climate Change Committee鈥檚 recommendation that the government should mandate new domestic boilers to be hydrogen-ready from 2025.
Currently, hydrogen is overwhelmingly produced from fossil-fuel intensive processes, the MPs note. Efficient production of low-carbon 鈥榞reen鈥� hydrogen relies on abundant cheap renewable electricity and so-called 鈥榖lue鈥� hydrogen requires carbon capture and storage, which is not deployed at the large scale required to make a material contribution to emissions reductions. Given this, the committee says that it is 鈥渦nwise鈥� to assume hydrogen can make a large contribution to reducing UK greenhouse gas emissions in the short and medium term.
The committee is 鈥渦nconvinced鈥� that hydrogen will be able to play a widespread role in heating homes by 2026, when the government has said it could start mandating hydrogen-ready boilers in domestic homes, though it could be feasible to blend some hydrogen with natural gas. It also argues that policy for hydrogen metering in homes has been 鈥渙verlooked鈥�, with the energy regulator Ofgem unable to say whether current smart meters would be suitable for hydrogen or the cost implications for the consumer if they are not suitable.
The committee outlines the areas where the use of hydrogen does have potential, including in the decarbonisation of UK industrial clusters, where hydrogen is already produced; in parts of transport such as areas of the rail network that are hard to electrify, bus networks that have a local pattern of operations susceptible to refuelling at depots, and some parts of shipping and aviation.
The committee says that the government should, in the next two months, outline a series of decision points between now and 2050 that will set out the role of hydrogen in the UK鈥檚 future energy system. This should include specifying what scientific and technological progress needs to be made at each stage, such as requirements for the deployment of carbon capture and storage to make blue hydrogen economic and the level of renewable generation that would lead to surplus power which could be used to produce green hydrogen.
Greg Clark MP, chair of the committee, said: 鈥淗ydrogen can play an important role in decarbonising the UK鈥檚 economy, but it is not a panacea.
鈥淭here are significant infrastructure challenges associated with converting our energy networks to use hydrogen and uncertainty about when low-carbon hydrogen can be produced at scale at an economical cost.
鈥淏ut there are important applications for hydrogen in particular industries so it can be, in the words of one witness to our inquiry, 鈥榓 big niche鈥�.
鈥淲e welcome the government鈥檚 high-level strategy and support of hydrogen trials, but future decisions on the role of hydrogen must increasingly be practical, taking into account what is technically and economically achievable. We call on the government to set out a series of decision points, which would give industry the clarity that it needs.鈥�
The full report can be found at
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